نشریه علوم و فنون مرزی
پیاپی 40 (بهار 1401)

Border management is one of the central policies in border guarding in promoting programs and activities related to border residents and constructive interaction with neighboring countries. Also, in order to grow and improve the level of organizational managers and the need to use a new mechanism to guide border residents in all parts of the country, this management is felt more than ever. Meanwhile, the management of the northern borders of the country, considering the existence of the Caspian Sea, emphasizes its geopolitical and geostrategic importance. The purpose of this study is to identify geopolitical factors affecting border management using Blake model in the northern border provinces of the country and seeks to answer the following question" what are the geopolitical factors in border management from the perspective of border commanders in the northern provinces using Blake model? In terms of its objectives, the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of method it is considered as descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study includes the commanders of regiments, bases and border and naval checkpoints in Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces, 50 of whom have been studied in the sample. The reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha was 0.92. Findings indicate that access management with an average score of 8.58 has the most impact and cross-border resource management and environmental management with an average score of 7.88 and 6.90 have the least impact on border management, and in this vein, the use of technical and electronic equipment, marking border lines and establishing and developing regiments and bases have the highest impact, and the encouragement and sharing environmental tourism, protection of endangered species and prevention of poaching have the least impact on factors affecting border management.

Marine crimes on the southern borders of the country impose damage and costs on our community every year. Prevention management can be considered as one of the basic strategies for dealing with these crimes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the status quo and the dimensions of marine crime prevention management on the borders of southern Iran. In terms of its objectives, this study is of an applied research type and in terms of the nature of the data it is considered as a quantitative-qualitative study, and in terms of its type it is a descriptive-analytic research. The statistical population of the research, including commanders and successors of provinces and maritime bases, flotation battleship groups, border offenders serving in Hormozgan, Sistan and Baluchestan provinces, Bushehr and Khuzestan. To determine the sample size, the Klein method was used and it showed that the appropriate sample for this statistical population was 364 people. The sampling method was proportional. A researcher-made questionnaire was employed. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by experts and elites and the reliability of the research questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0.95). The findings of the research show that the total mean of the current status of the marine crime prevention management is 2.35, and the mean of environment dimension is 2.42, the behavior dimension is 2.40, and then the structure dimension is 2.22. In the examination of the desired gap and the status quo, the difference between the two means is 1.3%, which is significant at 99% level. In other words, the mean of the desired situation is higher than the status quo. According to the research findings, in order to manage the prevention of marine crimes, due to more gaps the dimension of the structure should be emphasized.

Investigating and analyzing resource management strategies and public security stress is one of the basic priorities of decision-makers of the security of countries. The law enforcement force as a social and dynamic organization is responsible for establishing order and confronting security threats in society. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the resource management strategies in Ardabil province. In terms of its objectives, the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of the nature of the data it is considered as mix method study which was conducted in two descriptive-survey and exploratory stages. In the first step, by conducting an interview we achieved the conceptualization of public security threat indicators in Ardebil province. We studied the validity of qualitative propositions by survey method of questionnaire from the collected concepts in the qualitative stage and distributed it with a statistical estimation method. Finally, the strategies for public security threats in Ardabil were determined by the strategic planning method and the SWOT analytical diagram and the main type of public security threat management strategies in Ardebil was identified. In the analysis of threat and tension sources of Ardabil province in public security, the combination of 15 strengths, 19 weaknesses, 15 external environment opportunities and 22 threats; four groups of strategies were obtained, including: 7 aggressive and competitive strategies, 6 review strategies, 6 diversity strategies and 5 defensive strategies. In this case, the aggressive strategy of the threat and tension of Ardabil province has the highest score. The results obtained from the Quantitative Strategic Planning Table (QSPM), the attractiveness of analyzed strategies among the aggressive strategies of the threat and tension of Ardabil province as the 4SO strategy, with the score of 22.78, considers the highest strategy. This strategy is, due to the impact of economic conditions in the promotion and descent of security in Ardabil province, has a major priority.

International migrations, especially illegal migrations, have different reflections and consequences on the urban space and so on. The present study seeks to identify the consequences in the physical space in the border city of Zahedan due to the arrival of Afghan refugees. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population is the experts who were selected through convenience sampling (available) method (20 people). The results showed that insufficient or short supervision over the implementation of urban planning laws by officials and immigrants has been identified as the most important factor influencing the urban space, the border city of Zahedan. Low rate of public participation with government agencies in neighborhood development, lack of comprehensive vision and lack of appropriate studies for future development of the city, limited amenities in Afghan areas, environmental pollution in Afghan neighborhoods, lack of organization in urban areas, lack of health services and low quality of sanitation facilities, lack of adequate space in primary Afghan neighborhoods, unbalanced distribution of facilities and disproportionate volume of services to population size, uncertain landscape and visual and geometric disturbance in Afghan residential and commercial neighborhoods, lack of security in Afghan neighborhoods by police, customary governance in Afghan neighborhoods, low and non-standard per capita urban services in Afghan neighborhoods, lack of organization and lack of attention to urban spaces, lack of private sector investment in marginal neighborhoods by wealthy Afghans, lack of sufficient information and data on the situation inside Afghan neighborhoods and closing their relations with groups other than themselves, non-standard commercial and service spaces, expansion of peddlers and beggars in parks, formation of undesirable and unpleasant spaces in the city, the rule of distrustful atmosphere in a responsible city and urban management were also recognized as other important and influential factors on urban space.

Many researchers and scholars believe that when using tourism for regional development, cross-border partnership and cooperation (CBC) and turning these areas into places for cross-border tourism development and planning for the development of communications on both sides of the border is an important factor for sustainable tourism development. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors and indicators of success of cross-border cooperation (CBC) in order to develop cross-border tourism in Zahedan. In terms of its objectives, the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of methodology it is considered as a mixed method study (qualitative and quantitative). The data collection tool is a questionnaire and an interview. The results of the research indicate that both local and trans-local factors have a direct relationship with the success of cross-border cooperation. The results of QFD model and communication matrix showed that among the success indicators of cross-border cooperation, ten indicators of linguistic commonalities, cultural commonalities, cross-border markets, ethnic-religious ties, strengthening communication network, local infrastructure, joint programs, removing economic-trade barriers, implementation of long-term tourism projects and strategies and the existence of common economic interests between the two countries have had the most relationship with the development of tourism in the city of Zahedan. Investing, resolving water tensions, combating evildoers and terrorists, and creating non-governmental organizations (NGOs), respectively, were the most prominent requirements and important measures in this field. The results of this study can be used to develop cooperation between border areas and tourism in different border areas of Iran.

One of the most important issues that should be considered when designing and planning cities in order to ensure the safety and security of urban society and reduce the crisis in cities, is to pay attention to the defense of the city against natural and man-made threats. Cities are the largest settlements in a country, with more than 70% of the population living in urban areas. On the other hand, the large tangible and intangible assets of countries have been located in cities. This is an applied research by quantitative method. In this study, to achieve the goal , four criteria of physical, cyber, geographical and logical interaction have been used. The statistical population of the study includes all strategic centers of bojnurd. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of strategic centers in bojnurd on each other and show the spatial distribution of level of risk in this city. The results of physical and cyber interaction showed that water and electricity infrastructure assets were the most dependent. In logical interaction, the assets of political, military and security infrastructure had the highest interaction. Also, according to the results of geographical interaction, most of the Bojnourd assets are located at a distance of less than 5 kilometer from each other. From the findings, it can be concluded that the most vulnerability of the city is related to water and electricity infrastructure and it is vital to consider the necessary solutions for crisis management.

Border police, as one of successive institutions and organizations in establishing border security, has aspecial role and mission in establishing security in border areas for border areas. One of the goals of governments today, is to use new interactive methods to ensure and increase border security. But today, according to new approaches, the provision of these matters is not necessarily the responsibility of the border-guards, but also the role of the border people in ensuring their security as citizens, is of particular importance. The aim of this study was to analyze and identify the interaction between border residents and border-guards of Kurdistan province in the two border cities of Baneh and Marivan in Kurdistan province. To achieve this goal, qualitative approach and methods of documentary-library research and Van Manen's multi-stage descriptive phenomenology were used. The research data were collected through semi-structured and open interviews with 14 border residents in Baneh and Marivan who had experiences and lived interaction in this field. The sample was purposefully selected for the interview. The research findings were extracted and categorized into three central themes as empathy, correlation, divergence, and 27 categories. The results study indicate mental images of border people of border forces can be basis for formation of their interactions and social relations.this mentality recognized under the mentioned categories and the belief and practice of it by the border forces, while deepening the relations, change the mentality and attitude of the parties to each other and become prominent in establishing security at borders..